2. Retributive Justice: This approach to justice focuses on punishment for wrongdoing, with penalties imposed in proportion to the severity of the crime committed.
3. Restorative Justice: This theory of justice emphasizes repairing harm caused by a crime or conflict, rather than simply punishing the offender.
4. Corrective Justice: This approach to justice emphasizes restoring the balance between individuals and correcting any harm or wrongs done.
5. Utilitarianism: This ethical theory seeks to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, emphasizing outcomes over principles or rights.
6. Deontological Ethics: This ethical theory emphasizes duties and moral obligations, rather than outcomes.
7. Virtue Ethics: This approach to ethics emphasizes the cultivation of moral character and virtues, such as honesty, courage, and compassion.
8. Rawlsian Justice: This theory of justice emphasizes fairness and the protection of the least advantaged members of society, based on principles of distributive justice and social contract theory.
9. Capability Approach: This approach to justice emphasizes the importance of individuals being able to live the life they value, rather than simply having access to resources.
10. Communitarianism: This approach to justice emphasizes the importance of community and collective goods, and argues that individual rights must be balanced with communal values and responsibilities.
11. Feminist Justice: This approach to justice emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing gender inequalities, and takes into account the experiences and perspectives of women.
12. Critical Race Theory: This theory of justice emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing systemic racism and the ways in which race intersects with other forms of oppression and inequality.
13. Postcolonial Theory: This approach to justice emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing the legacy of colonialism and its ongoing impacts on marginalized communities.
14. Cosmopolitanism: This theory of justice emphasizes the importance of recognizing the common humanity and interconnectedness of people around the world, and calls for a global ethic that goes beyond national boundaries.
15. Environmental Justice: This approach to justice emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation and pollution on marginalized communities, particularly those in developing countries.
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